#Eve online pi planner professional

The modernization of the so-called Third World, a flagship of international policy in the early 1960s, opened the door to a holistic and intrinsically global approach. A key centre of their interest was the new independent world that emerged from colonial rule and stepped onto the global stage in search of legitimacy and technical emancipation. Trying to combine the contextual and conceptual elements referred above, the relationship between urban planning and historiography is to be pursued along four episodes that intend to provide a chronology more than a history: (1) the interaction between urbanismo, morphology and evolutionism in the 1930s (2) the adoption of developmentalism, modernism and planning after the Second World War (3) the dominance of the School of Dependence after the failure of modernization and (4) the post-modem morphology that emerged around the 1992 celebrations of the Fifth Centenary of America's Discovery.Īfter the conferences in Bretton Woods (1944) and San Francisco (1945), and especially with the implementation of widespread technical assistance policies of the Point Four Program (1949), teams of experts composed primarily of architects, but also economists, sociologists and anthropologists, began to gravitate around supranational organizations such as the United Nations, the World Bank and the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations. These contextual and practical changes are to be subordinated to the emergence of Latin America's urban and planning historiography, which is the real focus of the post-doctoral research the article is based upon, developed at the Centro de Investigaciones Postdoctorales (CIPOST), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV). This bookish emphasis should not dismiss the importance of pioneers, reforms, institutions and events that underpinned the academic fields and their relationship with practical urbanism and planning.

The theoretical search is mainly focused on general and comparative books, instead of case-study literature.

On the basis of political, economic and demographic elements for contextualizing urban changes throughout that period, the mainstream of the sequence is to be intertwined by the interaction between, on the one hand, institutional and practical aspects of urbanism and planning and, on the other, academic changes and works on historiography.

#Eve online pi planner professional

This article aims at identifying, ordering and connecting some antecedents, foreign visitors, professional and academic shifts, events and, above all, books that help to explain how planning history and the history of planning emerged and were consolidated in Latin America from 1930s to 1990s. By considering Rotival's career as a part of economic globalization at a time when the colonial context was dismantled, the present article highlights the planner's role in societal transformation in collaboration with the e´lite and demonstrates the growing international exchange of planning ideas in the twentieth century. Through five major steps of Rotival's international career, this article analyses the development of Rotival's pragmatic organic planning doctrine and his regional approach from his experience and training in France at the eve of the First World War, to his subsequent regional and urban planning work in Caracas, New Haven, Europe, Reims and other French cities until the 1980s. Rotival's plans and projects reflect the influence of major events and changes of the twentieth century - two world wars and the advances in technology and research they promoted, the advent of the automobile, the subsequent urban transformations and large-scale demolitions - and influenced the development of planning in the twentieth century. This paper analyses the life and work of the French planner Maurice Rotival through his practical and theoretical work as well as his teachings in cities and regions in Europe, Africa and the Americas.